Periodic
Table
|
Rutherfordium
|
Symbol
|
Rf
|
|
Atomic
Number
|
104
|
Relative
Atomic
Mass
12C
=
12.0000
|
[
261
]
261.1088
1.3
min
|
|
Significant
Atomic
Mass
|
266
Neutrons
162
|
|
Atomic
Radius
pm
|
150 (est.)
|
First
Ionisation
Energy
kJ
mol
-1
|
490 (est.)
|
|
Ionisation
Energy (eV)
|
6.0
?
|
|
Electronegativity
|
-
|
|
Density
kg
m
-3
|
23000 (est.)
|
|
Molar Volume
cm
3
|
-
|
Thermal
Conductivity
W
m
-1
K
-1
|
-
|
|
Melting
Point
K
|
2400 (est.)
|
|
Boiling
Point
K
|
5800 (est.)
|
|
Number
of
Isotopes
|
10
|
|
|
|
Inner
+
outer
Shells
|
|
|
Inner
+
outer
Orbitals
|
|
|
Filling
Orbital
|
|
|
Ground
State
Electron
Configuration
|
|
|
|
Ground
State
Electron
Configuration
with
free
Orbitals (n=
14
)
|
|
|
|
|
Ground
State
Electron
Configuration
with
compressed
Orbitals
(n=
162
)
|
|
|
|
|
Singularity
|
|
|
|
|
|
s
|
p
|
d
|
f
|
g
|
h
|
i
|
j
|
|
1
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
2
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
2
|
6
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
2
|
6
|
10
|
14
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
2
|
6
|
10
|
14
|
18
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
2
|
6
|
2
|
8
|
14
|
18
|
22
|
|
|
|
7
|
2
|
6
|
10
|
14
|
18
|
22
|
26
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Term
Symbol
|
3F
2
|
|
Discovery
|
260Rf
discovered
by
a
group
of
scientists
(Dubna,
Russia)
in
1964.
264Rf
was
discovered
by
a
group
of
scientists
(Berkeley,
USA)
in
1969.
|
|
Obsolete
Names
|
Unnilquadium
[Unq]
Kurchatovium,
[Ku]
eka-hafnium
|
The
name
preferred
by
the
Russians
was
"kurchatovium"
|
Element
104
was
named
after
Igor
Kurchatov
who
was
father
of
the
Russian
atomic
bomb,
and
this
was
one
reason
the
name
was
objectionable
to
the
Americans.
|
|
Finally
in
1997,
the
name
was
agreed
to
Rutherfordium
[Rf]
|
|
Name
Derived
From
|
Named
after
the
British
physicist
Ernest,
Baron
Rutherford(
b.
Aug.
30,
1871,
Spring
Grove,
N.Z.
d.
Oct.
19,
1937,
Cambridge,
Cambridgeshire,
Eng.
)
British
physicist
who
laid
the
groundwork
for
the
development
of
nuclear
physics.
He
was
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
for
Chemistry
in
1908.
|
Rutherford
contributed
substantially
to
the
understanding
of
the
disintegration
and
transmutation
of
the
radioactive
elements,
discovered
and
named
the
particles
expelled
from
radium,
identified
the
alpha
particle
as
a
helium
atom
and
with
its
aid
evolved
the
nuclear
theory
of
atomic
structure,
and
used
that
particle
to
produce
the
first
artificial
disintegration
of
elements.
Rutherford
was
the
principal
founder
of
the
field
of
atomic
physics.
In
the
universities
of
McGill,
Manchester,
and
Cambridge
he
led
and
inspired
two
generations
of
physicists
who--to
use
his
own
words--"turned
out
the
facts
of
Nature,"
and
in
the
Cavendish
Laboratory
his
"boys"
discovered
the
neutron
and
artificial
disintegration
by
accelerated
particles.
|
|
